One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• the growth of the Pt-NPs does not occur in the gas phase but on the surface of the CNWs since nanoparticle growth in the gas phase should result in smaller particle sizes at high gas velocities (thus shorter residence time of the NP in the plasma), which is not the case here. Besides, the degree of

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• oxide. It consists of co-precipitating Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions upon exposure to an external magnetic field, which is used as a template for directional nanoparticle growth. Note that in the absence of a magnetic field, the same reagents yield spherical nanoparticles [30]. Hence, one can conclude that the

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• regimes in the dynamics of the nanoparticle growth and in the optical response of the nanocomposite. Keywords: gold; imaging ellipsometry; metal nanoparticles; plasmonic nanocomposite; polymer films; Introduction Over the last 20 years, numerous studies were carried out to investigate the optical

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• the aggregation and deposition chamber, respectively. The nanoparticles are produced in the aggregation chamber, which contains a dc magnetron sputtering source. In the first stage of nanoparticle growth, atoms of the chosen material are produced by dc magnetron sputtering of a high-purity metallic

• system used for nanoparticle growth. Supporting Information The Supporting Information File 1 provides some details about: a) The Hf crystallite size estimation with Scherrer equation. b) The experiment for testing the charge of Hf NPs. c) The nanoidentation load-unload curves of the Hf NTFs. d) The

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• initial nucleation processes of particle synthesis; this is probably the mechanism of the formation of ultrathin gold nanowires [64]. Silver nanoparticle synthesis by reduction of silver salts is an important case of ligand-directed nanoparticle growth. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, Figure 2) in

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• -dimensional structures comprised of gold nanoparticles in glass. The sample material was gold-ion-doped borosilicate glass prepared by conventional melt quenching. The nanoparticle growth technique consisted of two steps – laser-induced defect formation and annealing. The first step was realized by

• nanoparticles inside borosilicate glass. The nanoparticle growth process includes two steps – laser-induced defect formation and thermal annealing. Nanosecond and femtosecond laser irradiation with different parameters is used in order to induce defects into the glass. These are clearly manifested when using

• laser-processing parameters. Based on a simulation using Mie’s theory, the diameter of the particles is estimated to be within the range of a few nanometers. The results presented can be explained by laser-induced reduction of gold ions and nanoparticle growth via diffusion of gold atoms during the

Ta₂N₃ nanocrystals grown in Al₂O₃ thin layers

• Krešimir Salamon,
• Maja Buljan,
• Iva Šarić,
• Mladen Petravić and
• Sigrid Bernstorff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2162–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.215

• the same time, due to the high diffusion rate and nanoparticle growth, the interface topography changes as well. These stochastic rearrangements of interfaces are completely independent from layer to layer, resulting in the loss of vertical correlations among the interface topographies. This explains

Microscopic characterization of Fe nanoparticles formed on SrTiO₃(001) and SrTiO₃(110) surfaces

• Miyoko Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 817–824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.73

• nuclei for subsequent nanoparticle growth. Adjacent nuclei growing independently may merge and grow into a larger nanoparticle with a non-equilibrium interface. Charge effects should also be considered [62][63]. Both STO(001) and STO(110) surfaces could exhibit variations of charge density associated

Observing the morphology of single-layered embedded silicon nanocrystals by using temperature-stable TEM membranes

• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Jan Laube,
• Margit Zacharias and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.99

• is expected, which is limited by the possibility of atomic rearrangement. Since the phase separation is completed within a few seconds due to diffusion of oxygen [43], the nanoparticle growth and shaping can only be achieved through the diffusion of Si within SiO2, which is extremely low at the used

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• temperatures above 600 °C was reported by several groups [17][37]. Ren et al. suggested that the mesopores are derived from a sequence of processes including Mn5O8 nanoparticle growth, rearrangement and merging during the transformation to α-Mn2O3 [37]. As the phase of Mn5O8 was not observed after calcination

The impact of the confinement of reactants on the metal distribution in bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized in reverse micelles

• Concha Tojo,
• Elena González and
• Nuria Vila-Romeu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1966–1979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.206

• . The influence of the critical size on the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles in micelles was previously studied [36][45]. In this paper, n* was kept constant (nA* = nB* = nA-B* = 1) so as not to interfere in the discussion. Nanoparticle growth It is assumed that nanoparticles grow by deposition of

• , isolated atoms and growing particles) are allowed to be exchanged during the same collision. Micelle size The nanoparticle growth may be restricted by the size of the micelles because the surfactant film covering the micelle has a finite bending modulus. The simulation includes a micelle size parameter

• , which limits the nanoparticle size, establishing a maximum quantity of metal products which can be located inside the same micelle. In this study we present results using low values of reactant concentrations, thus the influence of micelle size on nanoparticle growth is assumed to be negligible. Metal

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• at the TEM images of Au–TiO2 nanocomposites (Figure 1) also confirmed the growth of smaller Au nanoparticles apart from the clearly visible ones (those with dark contrast in the bright field TEM images). Such type of Ag nanoparticle growth has also been observed in other matrices, e.g., SiO2 [38

• diameter of the Ag nanoparticles is increased indicating the growth of nanoparticles. A possible nanoparticle growth mechanism already discussed for Au–TiO2 nanocomposites in the previous section holds true. In contrast to Au–TiO2 system, the growth of Ag nanoparticles with relatively large diameters

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• one time. After the third addition, the reaction mixture was kept for 40 min at 180 °C to permit a controlled nanoparticle growth, and then allowed to cool down to rt. After decanting of the supernatant, the nanoparticles that were accumulated on the stirring bar were thoroughly washed with hexane and

Oriented attachment explains cobalt ferrite nanoparticle growth in bioinspired syntheses

• Annalena Wolff,
• Walid Hetaba,
• Marco Wißbrock,
• Stefan Löffler,
• Nadine Mill,
• Katrin Eckstädt,
• Axel Dreyer,
• Inga Ennen,
• Norbert Sewald,
• Peter Schattschneider and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 210–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.23

• explained by classical crystal growth theory. Understanding the nanoparticle growth is essential since physical properties, such as the magnetic behavior, are highly dependent on the microstructure, morphology and composition of the inorganic crystals. In this work, the underlying nanoparticle growth of

• protein MMS6, involved in nanoparticle formation within magnetotactic bacteria, was used to alter the growth of cobalt ferrite. We demonstrate that the bioinspired nanoparticle growth can be described by the oriented attachment model. The intermediate stages proposed in the theoretical model, including

• diffraction measurements. The change of particle diameter with time agrees with the recently proposed kinetic model for oriented attachment. Keywords: bioinspired synthesis; cobalt ferrite nanoparticles; nanoparticle growth; oriented attachment; polypeptide; Introduction Nanoparticles with a well-controlled

Challenges in realizing ultraflat materials surfaces

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Wataru Nomura,
• Fabrice Stehlin,
• Olivier Soppera,
• Makoto Naruse and
• Motoichi Ohtsu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 875–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.99

• Figure 5c and Figure 5e, respectively. These images confirm the selective deposition at the terrace edges during conventional RF sputtering. Furthermore, as a further confirmation that DPP desorption prevented the growth of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the terrace edges, no clear Al2O3 nanoparticle growth

Ni nanocrystals on HOPG(0001): A scanning tunnelling microscope study

• Michael Marz,
• Keisuke Sagisaka and
• Daisuke Fujita

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 406–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.48

• small Πf × t ≤ 3 μAs in the coverage and the height. We presume that in the very initial state of the nanoparticle growth, the clusters cannot reach their maximum height and width due to an insufficient amount of Ni. Within this assumption, a linear function was drawn in all panels of Figure 2 (dotted

The morphology of silver nanoparticles prepared by enzyme-induced reduction

• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Thomas Schüler,
• Katharina K. Strelau,
• Karina Weber,
• Dana Cialla,
• Marco Diegel,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Andreas Berger,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 404–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.47

• , respectively. Within the time scale considered in Figure 3, no saturation of the silver nanoparticle growth was reached. The DNA concentration is one of the main factors influencing the resulting density of the silver nanoparticles. The DNA strands at the substrate surface act as the nuclei for the enzymatic

• concentration too in order to study the growth of the silver nanoparticles in the z-direction normal to the substrate, by determining the maximum height of the nanoparticles and the total amount of silver. The reaction time for the silver nanoparticle growth was set to 5 min for all cases. Figure 8 presents the

• not allow a statement concerning the total amount of synthesized silver. The maximum height of the silver nanoparticles derived from the RBS data provides evidence for saturation with respect to the silver nanoparticle growth. To confirm this, the RBS data were analysed with respect to the integral

Formation of SiC nanoparticles in an atmospheric microwave plasma

• Martin Vennekamp,
• Ingolf Bauer,
• Matthias Groh,
• Evgeni Sperling,
• Susanne Ueberlein,
• Maksym Myndyk,
• Gerrit Mäder and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 665–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.71

• faster transport of the material out of the microwave-heated zone (Equation 5). In an opposite manner the microwave power increases the length of the reaction zone (i.e., the plasma torch) for the nanoparticle growth, which leads to longer residence time for the growth reaction. The addition of H2 into

Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical NMR-based diagnostics

• Huilin Shao,
• Tae-Jong Yoon,
• Monty Liong,
• Ralph Weissleder and
• Hakho Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 142–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.17

• thermal decomposition of precursors. Above a supersaturation level, these monomers then aggregate to induce nucleation and nanoparticle growth. By tuning the growth conditions during this procedure (such as precursor choice, monomer concentration, growth temperature and time), it is possible to control